Migraine is known to be associated with a variety of psychiatric disorders, and the bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and migraine has received more and more research and attention ( 7). Despite the understanding of migraine pathophysiology and the evidence-based guidelines intended to inform clinical decision-making with migraine are advancing rapidly, the prevention and treatment of migraine remains suboptimal ( 1, 12). Men with migraine generally have less severe attacks and disabilities and are less likely to receive a diagnosis than women with migraine ( 11). Notably, there are also stark gender differences in migraine-related burdens. Given the severe consequences of migraine-related burden on families and society, this condition is a common concern for many patients and their physicians ( 8– 10). Migraine can increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease and reduce the health-related quality of life and has a substantial effect on daily activities and direct medical costs ( 1, 6, 7). Prior to puberty, boys and girls are equally affected, but the female preponderance emerges after puberty, and the prevalence peaks among the ages of 35 and 39 years ( 5). The annual and lifetime prevalence was 6 and 13% in men and 18 and 33% in women ( 1). Migraine, as one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by multiphase attacks of head pain and reversible neurological and systemic symptoms ( 1, 2), is the second most disabling neurological disorder and the third most prevalent medical condition in the world ( 3, 4).
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